Historical Sales Data: Sold House Prices for LEIGH ROAD, CHULMLEIGH, EX18 7BL

LEIGH ROAD is in North Devon in the county of Devon which resides in the South West region of England . The postcode is within the Chulmleigh ward, which is in the constituency of North Devon . This page is a collection of useful information for LEIGH ROAD, North Devon , and the neighbourhood in which it resides.

Most frequent accommodation: Terraced house

Regarding the Index of Multiple Deprivation, EX18 7BLhas a score of 14120 out of 32844.

We found 66 house sales in EX18 7BL. The most recent was sold for £107,500 on 22 March 2023. The most expensive house purchase so far has been sold for £625,000 on 29 November 2019 and the lowest has been sold for £70,000 on 16 June 1995 . If you are interested in more detailed information then keep reading as we give insights about all of them in this page later on.

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Multiple Deprivation Index

14120 / 32844

Indices of multiple deprivation (IMD) are commonly used datasets in the UK to assess the relative level of deprivation, which is essentially a measure of poverty, in small geographic areas. These indices combine various indicators of deprivation, each assigned a different weight, to generate an overall deprivation score. The IMD scores provide valuable insights into the socio-economic conditions of different areas.

Most recent sale

£107,500 on 22 March 2023

Most expensive sale

£625,000 on 29 November 2019

Least expensive sale

£70,000 on 16 June 1995

Area Insights

Find out more about EX18 7BL

58 freehold properties

29 detached houses

7 semi-detached houses

21 terraced houses

8 leasehold properties

9 flats or maisonettes

0 others

Sold House prices in EX18 7BL

Previous sold prices of GLENHAVEN LEIGH ROAD
GLENHAVEN LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £70,000 on 16 June 1995
GLENHAVEN LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £121,000 on 14 January 2002
GLENHAVEN LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £187,500 on 16 June 2003

Previous sold prices of JACKANORY LEIGH ROAD
JACKANORY LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £80,000 on 20 September 1995

Previous sold prices of THE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD
THE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £50,000 on 15 January 1996
THE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £125,000 on 8 January 2002
THE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £168,000 on 20 February 2014

Previous sold prices of MYRTLE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD
MYRTLE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £83,000 on 26 July 1996

Previous sold prices of WALLINGBROOK LEIGH ROAD
WALLINGBROOK LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £80,000 on 8 August 1996

Previous sold prices of TRESCO LEIGH ROAD
TRESCO LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £70,000 on 1 April 1997

Previous sold prices of ROE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD
ROE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £41,500 on 11 July 1997

Previous sold prices of OMEGA LEIGH ROAD
OMEGA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £30,000 on 18 October 1997
OMEGA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £158,500 on 30 July 2004
OMEGA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £164,950 on 30 September 2009

Previous sold prices of WALLINGBROOK COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD
WALLINGBROOK COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £89,000 on 27 March 1998
WALLINGBROOK COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £365,000 on 2 August 2006

Previous sold prices of GLYN-LEA LEIGH ROAD
GLYN-LEA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £60,000 on 4 December 1998
GLYN-LEA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £74,000 on 8 November 1999
GLYN-LEA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £235,000 on 10 December 2009
GLYN-LEA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £240,000 on 20 June 2014

Previous sold prices of WALLINGBROOK LODGE LEIGH ROAD
WALLINGBROOK LODGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £68,250 on 22 March 1999
WALLINGBROOK LODGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £320,000 on 26 July 2021

Previous sold prices of DINGLE NOOK LEIGH ROAD
DINGLE NOOK LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £65,000 on 27 September 1999

Previous sold prices of JONQUIL LEIGH ROAD
JONQUIL LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £41,500 on 18 October 1999
JONQUIL LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £75,000 on 16 March 2001

Previous sold prices of 3 LEIGH ROAD
3 LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £42,000 on 19 October 1999
3 LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £124,995 on 16 June 2006
3 LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £126,000 on 17 August 2012
3 LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £152,995 on 12 December 2018

Previous sold prices of SUNNYFIELDS LEIGH ROAD
SUNNYFIELDS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £185,000 on 7 August 2000
SUNNYFIELDS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £625,000 on 29 November 2019

Previous sold prices of BUTTER BERRIES LEIGH ROAD
BUTTER BERRIES LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £130,000 on 27 September 2001

Previous sold prices of FAIRVIEW LEIGH ROAD
FAIRVIEW LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £118,000 on 1 July 2002
FAIRVIEW LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £187,000 on 29 November 2005
FAIRVIEW LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £152,000 on 7 November 2008

Previous sold prices of BRAYLEYS LEIGH ROAD
BRAYLEYS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £125,000 on 22 July 2002

Previous sold prices of WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD
WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £52,000 on 6 September 2002
WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £59,950 on 2 December 2002
WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £65,000 on 31 January 2003
WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £70,000 on 30 November 2005
WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £95,000 on 10 September 2010
WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £121,000 on 16 April 2014
WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £72,000 on 27 November 2014
WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £124,995 on 20 April 2018

Previous sold prices of FAIRWAY LEIGH ROAD
FAIRWAY LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £295,000 on 7 October 2004

Previous sold prices of REDSTACKS LEIGH ROAD
REDSTACKS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £325,000 on 7 October 2005

Previous sold prices of ARCHWAY HOUSE LEIGH ROAD
ARCHWAY HOUSE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £175,000 on 18 March 2009
ARCHWAY HOUSE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £257,500 on 14 June 2016
ARCHWAY HOUSE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £285,000 on 18 May 2021

Previous sold prices of BLUEBELL COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD
BLUEBELL COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold flat or maisonette sold for £120,000 on 26 March 2010
BLUEBELL COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £116,000 on 26 September 2014
BLUEBELL COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £117,500 on 7 October 2016

Previous sold prices of BRAMBLE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD
BRAMBLE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £222,000 on 5 October 2010
BRAMBLE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £224,995 on 27 May 2014

Previous sold prices of LITTLE DART HOUSE LEIGH ROAD
LITTLE DART HOUSE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £380,000 on 11 April 2012

Previous sold prices of TREMOWAL LEIGH ROAD
TREMOWAL LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £118,000 on 13 June 2013
TREMOWAL LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £158,000 on 3 November 2017

Previous sold prices of MOORVIEW LEIGH ROAD
MOORVIEW LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £345,000 on 3 March 2014

Previous sold prices of ADY AR LEIGH ROAD
ADY AR LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £125,000 on 25 July 2014
ADY AR LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £229,500 on 17 July 2015
ADY AR LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £280,000 on 23 October 2020

Previous sold prices of HIGHFIELD HOUSE LEIGH ROAD
HIGHFIELD HOUSE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £560,000 on 20 May 2016

Previous sold prices of HIGH BANKS LEIGH ROAD
HIGH BANKS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £395,000 on 10 June 2016
HIGH BANKS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £572,000 on 26 August 2022

Previous sold prices of SHUTE BARN LEIGH ROAD
SHUTE BARN LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £235,000 on 6 January 2021

Previous sold prices of 1 LEIGH ROAD
1 LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £107,500 on 22 March 2023

All Sold House prices

Sold Semi-detached House prices

Sold Detached House prices

Sold Terraced House prices

Sold Flat prices

Sold Freehold House prices

Sold Leasehold House prices

All Sold House prices of EX18 7BL in chronological order

GLENHAVEN LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £70,000 on 16 June 1995

JACKANORY LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £80,000 on 20 September 1995

THE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £50,000 on 15 January 1996

MYRTLE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £83,000 on 26 July 1996

WALLINGBROOK LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £80,000 on 8 August 1996

TRESCO LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £70,000 on 1 April 1997

ROE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £41,500 on 11 July 1997

OMEGA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £30,000 on 18 October 1997

WALLINGBROOK COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £89,000 on 27 March 1998

GLYN-LEA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £60,000 on 4 December 1998

WALLINGBROOK LODGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £68,250 on 22 March 1999

DINGLE NOOK LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £65,000 on 27 September 1999

JONQUIL LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £41,500 on 18 October 1999

3 LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £42,000 on 19 October 1999

GLYN-LEA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £74,000 on 8 November 1999

SUNNYFIELDS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £185,000 on 7 August 2000

JONQUIL LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £75,000 on 16 March 2001

BUTTER BERRIES LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £130,000 on 27 September 2001

THE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £125,000 on 8 January 2002

GLENHAVEN LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £121,000 on 14 January 2002

FAIRVIEW LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £118,000 on 1 July 2002

BRAYLEYS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £125,000 on 22 July 2002

WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £52,000 on 6 September 2002

WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £59,950 on 2 December 2002

WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £65,000 on 31 January 2003

GLENHAVEN LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £187,500 on 16 June 2003

OMEGA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £158,500 on 30 July 2004

FAIRWAY LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £295,000 on 7 October 2004

REDSTACKS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £325,000 on 7 October 2005

FAIRVIEW LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £187,000 on 29 November 2005

WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £70,000 on 30 November 2005

3 LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £124,995 on 16 June 2006

WALLINGBROOK COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £365,000 on 2 August 2006

FAIRVIEW LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £152,000 on 7 November 2008

ARCHWAY HOUSE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £175,000 on 18 March 2009

OMEGA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £164,950 on 30 September 2009

GLYN-LEA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £235,000 on 10 December 2009

BLUEBELL COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold flat or maisonette sold for £120,000 on 26 March 2010

WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £95,000 on 10 September 2010

BRAMBLE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £222,000 on 5 October 2010

LITTLE DART HOUSE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £380,000 on 11 April 2012

3 LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £126,000 on 17 August 2012

TREMOWAL LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £118,000 on 13 June 2013

THE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £168,000 on 20 February 2014

MOORVIEW LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £345,000 on 3 March 2014

WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £121,000 on 16 April 2014

BRAMBLE COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold semi-detached house sold for £224,995 on 27 May 2014

GLYN-LEA LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £240,000 on 20 June 2014

ADY AR LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £125,000 on 25 July 2014

BLUEBELL COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £116,000 on 26 September 2014

WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £72,000 on 27 November 2014

ADY AR LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £229,500 on 17 July 2015

HIGHFIELD HOUSE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £560,000 on 20 May 2016

HIGH BANKS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £395,000 on 10 June 2016

ARCHWAY HOUSE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £257,500 on 14 June 2016

BLUEBELL COTTAGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £117,500 on 7 October 2016

TREMOWAL LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £158,000 on 3 November 2017

WALLINGBROOK COURT LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Freehold flat or maisonette sold for £124,995 on 20 April 2018

3 LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £152,995 on 12 December 2018

SUNNYFIELDS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £625,000 on 29 November 2019

ADY AR LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £280,000 on 23 October 2020

SHUTE BARN LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £235,000 on 6 January 2021

ARCHWAY HOUSE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £285,000 on 18 May 2021

WALLINGBROOK LODGE LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £320,000 on 26 July 2021

HIGH BANKS LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold detached house sold for £572,000 on 26 August 2022

1 LEIGH ROAD, EX18 7BL, NORTH DEVON - Leasehold terraced house sold for £107,500 on 22 March 2023

Room number

This data lists the total number of room each house have.

One: 0
Two: 3
Three: 6
Four: 11
Five: 37
Six: 25
Seven: 17
Eight: 7
Nine: 10

According to the latest census which took place in 2011, this postcode had a population of 68 people that includes overnight visitors as well as permanent residents. Furthermore, there were 33 households.

Household size

This data lists the total number of people normally resident within each household.

One: 40
Two: 49
Three: 18
Four: 6
Five: 1
Six: 2
Eight: 0

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Housing tenure

The national average of social housing is over 18%.

Owned outright: 66
Mortgage: 30
Shared Ownership: 0
Council: 1
Social other: 4
Private rented: 14
Private employer: 1
Private relative: 0
Private other: 0
Rent free: 0

The most common ethnicity is . Residents have the following ethnicities: 233 White, 0 Gypsy, 0 Indian, 0 Bangladeshi, 0 Other asian, 0 Black, 0 Mixed.

Accommodation type

Please note that the figures may include adjacent streets

Detached: 35
Semi-detached : 25
Terraced: 50
Flat: 1
Converted house share: 9
Flat in commercial: 2
Caravan: 1
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